Columbus Day, observed on the second Monday of October, is a federal holiday in the United States that commemorates Christopher Columbus’s arrival in the Americas in 1492. While some celebrate this day with various festivities and events, others view it as a controversial holiday that overlooks the impact of colonization on Indigenous peoples. This article will delve into who gets the day off on Columbus Day, the history of the holiday, the debate surrounding it, and the ways it is celebrated across the country.
Understanding Columbus Day
Historical Background
Columbus Day was first celebrated in the United States in 1792, marking the 300th anniversary of Columbus’s landing in the New World. The day was initially celebrated by Italian-American communities as a way to honor their heritage and contributions to the country. In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared it a national holiday, and it was officially designated as Columbus Day in 1971.
The Significance of Columbus Day
For many, Columbus Day serves as a celebration of exploration and discovery. It honors the legacy of Columbus and his voyages, which are often portrayed as the beginning of European exploration and colonization in the Americas. This narrative, however, has been increasingly challenged in recent years.
Controversy Surrounding Columbus Day
Critics argue that Columbus Day glorifies a figure whose actions led to the exploitation and oppression of Indigenous peoples. Columbus’s arrival marked the beginning of colonization, which resulted in the decimation of native populations through violence, disease, and forced assimilation. As a result, many communities have chosen to replace Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples’ Day or Native American Day, recognizing the historical injustices faced by Indigenous peoples.
Who Gets the Day Off on Columbus Day?
The observance of Columbus Day varies significantly across the United States. Some states and local governments celebrate the holiday with closures and events, while others choose not to recognize it at all. Here is an overview of who gets the day off on Columbus Day:
1. Federal Employees
Columbus Day is a federal holiday, meaning that federal government offices are closed, and federal employees typically receive the day off with pay. This includes agencies such as the U.S. Postal Service, which does not deliver mail on this day.
2. State Government Employees
State governments have the discretion to decide whether to observe Columbus Day. In states that recognize the holiday, state government offices and agencies are closed. However, in states that do not recognize Columbus Day, state employees typically work as usual.
3. Schools
The observance of Columbus Day in schools varies widely. In some states, schools are closed in honor of the holiday, while others remain open. Schools that choose to observe the holiday often hold educational programs about Columbus’s voyages and their impact on Indigenous peoples.
4. Businesses and Private Sector
Private businesses are not required to close on Columbus Day, and many remain open. However, some companies may choose to give their employees the day off, especially if they follow federal holiday schedules. It’s important to check with individual employers to determine their specific policies regarding Columbus Day.
5. Local Observances
In some cities and municipalities, Columbus Day may be celebrated with parades, festivals, and other community events. However, in places that have chosen to adopt Indigenous Peoples’ Day, celebrations may focus on recognizing the history and culture of Indigenous communities instead.
States That Do Not Observe Columbus Day
In recent years, there has been a growing trend of states and localities opting out of Columbus Day observance. As of now, the following states do not recognize Columbus Day as a public holiday:
1. Hawaii
Hawaii does not observe Columbus Day. Instead, it recognizes Discoverers’ Day, which celebrates the Polynesian explorers who first arrived in the Hawaiian Islands. The state focuses on honoring the native culture and history rather than celebrating Columbus.
2. South Dakota
South Dakota observes Native American Day instead of Columbus Day. This holiday recognizes the contributions of Native Americans and promotes awareness of their history and culture.
3. Alaska
Alaska does not officially observe Columbus Day. Some communities may hold events in recognition of Indigenous peoples, but the holiday is not recognized at the state level.
4. California
While California officially recognizes Columbus Day, many cities and counties within the state have opted to celebrate Indigenous Peoples’ Day instead. This shift reflects the growing awareness and acknowledgment of Indigenous history and rights.
Columbus Day Celebrations
In states and cities that observe Columbus Day, various celebrations and events take place. Here are some common ways people commemorate the holiday:
1. Parades and Festivals
Columbus Day parades are held in many cities, celebrating Italian-American heritage and Columbus’s voyages. These parades often feature floats, music, and cultural performances, showcasing the contributions of Italian-Americans to society. Notable parades take place in cities like New York and Boston, drawing large crowds and participation.
2. Educational Events
Many schools and organizations hold educational events and activities on Columbus Day. These programs often focus on the historical significance of Columbus’s voyages, the impact of colonization on Indigenous peoples, and discussions about the ongoing effects of colonization today.
3. Community Gatherings
In communities that celebrate Columbus Day, people may come together for picnics, barbecues, and other social gatherings. These events provide an opportunity for friends and families to connect and enjoy the day off.
4. Cultural Performances
Some communities host cultural performances and events that showcase Italian-American heritage. These may include music, dance, and art exhibitions, highlighting the contributions of Italian-Americans to American culture.
Indigenous Peoples’ Day
As mentioned earlier, many communities have shifted from Columbus Day to Indigenous Peoples’ Day. This movement aims to recognize and honor the history, culture, and contributions of Indigenous peoples throughout the United States.
1. Celebrating Indigenous Cultures
Indigenous Peoples’ Day is celebrated in various ways, including educational events, cultural performances, and community gatherings. These events aim to raise awareness of Indigenous history and promote understanding and respect for Indigenous cultures.
2. Advocacy and Awareness
The observance of Indigenous Peoples’ Day is often accompanied by advocacy efforts aimed at addressing the issues faced by Indigenous communities. This may include discussions about land rights, sovereignty, and the ongoing impact of colonization.
3. Educational Initiatives
Schools and organizations that observe Indigenous Peoples’ Day often incorporate educational initiatives to teach students about Indigenous history and culture. This may involve workshops, guest speakers, and curriculum updates to reflect a more inclusive perspective.
Conclusion
Columbus Day remains a complex and often contentious holiday in the United States. While some celebrate it as a recognition of exploration and cultural heritage, others view it as a reminder of the negative consequences of colonization. Understanding who gets the day off on Columbus Day is essential, as it varies significantly across states and localities.
The growing trend toward celebrating Indigenous Peoples’ Day reflects a broader societal shift toward acknowledging and honoring the contributions and history of Indigenous peoples. As we navigate the conversation around Columbus Day and Indigenous Peoples’ Day, it is crucial to recognize the importance of understanding history from multiple perspectives and promoting inclusivity in our celebrations.
By engaging in these discussions and celebrating the rich tapestry of American cultures, we can work toward a more equitable and just society for all. Whether you observe Columbus Day, Indigenous Peoples’ Day, or choose to engage in educational initiatives, the opportunity to learn and grow from our history remains vital for future generations.
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